Why Fracking Should Be Allowed - 1481 Words

One of the strongest arguments in favour of fracking is the reduction in CO2 that would occur with increased fracking. As of 2013, coal provided approximately 40% of the world’s electricity needs and provides 29% of the total world energy supply with oil being the largest at 31%. Coal-fired power plants are responsible for over 83% of the CO2 pollution since 1990, and have the highest ratio of CO2 output per unit of electricity out of all the fossil fuels. These emissions cause effects worldwide; acid rain, air pollution, toxic waste, to name a few. It is estimated that by replacing coal with gas from fracking, CO2 emissions would be reduced by more than 50%. This massive reduction in carbon emissions would have a global impact, resulting in unprecedented reductions in the effects of climate change. Allowing fracking is a fundamental advance in the efforts to reduce global warming; with this in mind fracking should be allowed and in this case it would benefit everyone when con sidering the reduction in CO2 emissions. However this poses an issue, if fracking was widely used then CO2 emissions may decrease but there would then be a halt in research and implementation of renewable energy. In some areas where fracking has become more prominent the price for the fuel has fallen; making it a cheaper alternative to expensive renewable energy. Fatih Birol, chief economist for the IEA, aired this concern, ‘Renewable energy may being the victim of cheap gas prices if governments do notShow MoreRelatedHydraulic Fracturing : Good Or Bad?1401 Words   |  6 Pagesknown as fracking. A gas company drilled five wells near French’s land, two of the gas wells were less than 4,000 feet away for her farmland. Chemicals from the wells leaked into French’s water system and caused all of those awful effects on the cows, French and her family, as well as her neighbors. Due to the detrimental impacts that fracking causes on humans and the environment, frackin g should be illegal. So what is hydraulic fracturing? Hydraulic fracturing, also known as fracking, â€Å"is theRead MoreFracking And Its Effects On The Human Health1135 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Fracking† in Pennsylvania (environmentalist point of view) If someone is given a choice of either healthier life or job, probably the smarter choice would be a healthier life. It might seem unrelated to the topic â€Å"Fracking† in the initial stage, but eventually they are found to be connected. First off, Hydraulic fracturing or â€Å"fracking† is the process of drilling and injecting fluid into the dipper region of the ground at a high pressure in order to release a natural gas to the surface level. SoRead MoreFracking Of The United States1307 Words   |  6 Pages2014 Dr. Gray Final Paper Fracking in the United States Hydraulic fracking in the United States is a current environmental hazard that has to be addressed by the American people and by the federal government. Fracking in America has opened up millions of acres of lands that were once not economically viable to produce oil and gas. While the Bureau of land Management has paved the way for hydraulic fracturing on public lands, there is a need for retaliation. Fracking is a dirty method of extractingRead MoreHow Do Energy Coursing Through The Twenty First Century?1156 Words   |  5 Pageslike fossil fuels; however, natural gases burn without producing harmful byproducts that damage the environment, are plentiful, and are cheap to harvest. The main process used to harness natural gases is called hydraulic fracturing, or fracking for short. The fracking operation requires many engineers, scientists, mechanics, and other laborers. These workers design, build, operate, and maintain large drills that are long enough to drill a mile beneath the surface of the earth. Once the drill reachesRead MoreFracking Is A Dangerous Process That Should Be Banned Immediately1328 Words   |  6 PagesHydraulic Fracturing (fracking) is the process of drilling into the ground and pumping sand, water, and fracking fluid at high pressures in order to extract natural shale gas that was previously unattainable. This process comes with environmental issues: the chemicals from the fracking fluid can contaminate nearby drinking water wells and harm the citizens of that area. Despite the fact that there have been several contaminated drinking water cases reported, there is little being done about thisRead MoreFracking : A Modern Society Essay1645 Words   |  7 Pagesuse of the Earth’s natural resources, is at the top of the list of contested subjects, with hoards of advocates and opponents on either side. One of the newest methods of natural gas energy production is a process called Hydraulic Fracturing, or fracking. This process uses large drills to create tunnels down into the earth’s crust and then introduces thousands of gallons of water and various chemicals to create horizontal cracks. Sands are pumped down next to hold the cracks open. Through these cracksRead MoreRisk Reward and Fracking1326 Words   |  6 PagesRisk Reward â€Å"Fracking provides a source of energy that is not only new but also relatively clean, cheap, without political strings† (www.economist.com, 2014, para. 3). In the article â€Å"The Petrostate of America† the debate about fracking, the energy boom throughout the world, and what decisions the U.S. government along with President Obama should make on deciding to lift the ban on exportation of crude oil and restrictions on getting permits to export natural gas are starting to heat up. There areRead MoreThe Drilling Sites Will Be Located Near The Ogallala Aquifer1410 Words   |  6 Pageshas promised to use the Nebraska residents might feel safer (Hayden). Along with dirty water, community members all over the country have concerns that fracking is leading to earth quakes. Oklahoma specifically has seen a rise in the number of earth quakes since the oil drilling started to boom. Tim McDonnell, a reporter covering the fracking industry, wrote a report stating that the quakes are directly linked to the drilling. The cause is not the initial drilling itself, but the follow up stepRead MoreThe Effects Of Fracking On The And Gas Industry1431 Words   |  6 PagesThe Ethicacy of Fracking Changes with the process of fracking often called slick water high pressure horizontal drilling have become common in recent years are having devastating effects on people, their livestock as well as on communities as a whole. The toxic and often carcinogenic chemicals used in the process and as a result of the methods used are often contaminating water supplies. Air quality is also being greatly affected due to side effects from this method of resource extraction and greenhouseRead MoreTaking a Look at Fracking1282 Words   |  5 Pagesof Pennsylvania as they move across the country sucking Mother Nature of her natural resources. The fact of the matter is that the practice of fracking is bad for the environment in every way possible and can be a serious if not ominous threat to every person’s health within miles of the well sites. So what is fracking? Hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, has played an important role in the development of Americas oil and natural gas resources for nearly 60 years. In the U.S., an estimated 35,000

The Explusion Of Civil Disobedience, By Henry David Thoreau

Attitudes towards the powers that regulate and control society have fluctuated throughout history. Modern dystopian Novels like 1984 and The Giver contrast highly to the Shakespearean tales of the Monarchs. In today’s world, the freedom of speech is becoming a higher priority and the readiness to challenge institutions of governments is shifting itself into the mindsets of the masses. However, instances of this right were required by history to be broken through its shell. This legacy takes the name of Civil Disobedience as written about by Henry David Thoreau. Merriam-Webster defines Civil Disobedience as: â€Å"a refusal to obey governmental demands or commands especially as a nonviolent and usually collective means of forcing concessions†¦show more content†¦He protected this idea of an extra legal responsibility in the civil rights movement until his very last heartbeat. He gained more power at this time than the president and all of the policemen, and never once used hard force but rather used nonviolence as a compass in the right direction. Following in Dr. Kings teaching 10 years after his assassination, Cesar Chavez wrote the article â€Å"He Showed Us the Way.† Chavez has gone down in history for fighting for Labour rights after years of seeing migrant workers being mistreated throughout America. In his article, while he protects the moral standings of Dr. King, he also brings light to the logistical reasoning behind it. He watched many of his activists become angry, frustrated and at times, violent. To respond to this he recites two major points, â€Å"If...we respond with nonviolence, we attract people’s support† and â€Å"Who gets killed in the case of violent revolution? The poor, the workers. The people†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He believed that his moral standing was critical to keep the American Citizens on his side and that non-violence would protect his people from repeating the past. His critical thought led his activists into protests and strikes that remained so successful, Labour Unions have co ntinued under his name ever since. We can see an example of Chavez’s first claim by looking at a Radio Transcript from June 16 of this year titled: â€Å"Fact Check: Is Left-Wing Violence Rising† where one

Shipping Management

Question: Discuss about theShipping Management. Answer: 1. The first step I would suggest is to prepare a work paper for the process. An Environmental Committee must be formed thereafter consisting of members from various departments of the company which have direct contact with environmental matters. The Coordinator of the project should be representative of the Quality Assurance Department who should be responsible for creating an Environmental Manual, as suggested by Blackett Trebilcock (ed.), (2015). The work paper prepared should be a message to all the employees in the organization, communicating the management's environmental process. This paper shall also stand as a guarantee by the management for fulfilling companys environmental policy. Environmental Diagnosis My next suggested step is to prepare a preliminary review of what the existing environmental situation is. The purpose of this review would be to consider all aspects of an environmental management system, assert Branch Robarts, (2014). Such a diagnosis would also cover these key areas: Legislations to be applied. Regulatory requirements. Environmental management of all the processes, covering the environmental effects and analysis and assessment of the existing environmental procedures, and the feedback practices adopted, as per Branch Robarts, (2014). Management Program Finally, I shall establish a program for achieving the targets and objectives set out in the policy document, define responsibilities, procedures and corrective mechanisms. In certain matters, it would be more appropriate to discuss the policy document with the concerned environmental authorities. The outcome of all this exercise should be lay an exhaustive policy frame for the companys Environment Management System which can be practiced by the employees as well as the management, as outlined by Lun et al, (2015). 2. As an expert, I believe that to successfully introduce an Environmental Management System in an organisation is a collective responsibility of the management and the employees. Hence, as suggested by CUP, (2010), I always start the process with an environmental training program to involve the employees and also to convince them about the necessity of environmental awareness within the organization. I discuss the following basic principles with the employees to make them involved in the whole process, asserts CUP, (2010). Protection of the Environment This should be considered as a principal objective of the company's strategy. Commitment to fulfil Regulatory and Legislative Requirements In order to maintain a continual improvement of companys environmental control. Training for Employees of the Company This will be a priority procedure for all so as to ensure that they comply with company's environmental policy, as detailed by Branch, (2007). Best use of Resources The management will promote clean technology and waste recycling initiatives. Investment Investment policies in Environmental System will be priority criteria. Technology The company shall use the most advanced technology to protect the environment and minimise its environmental impact by controlling emissions into the atmosphere of the suspended particulate matter emitted by the ships, asserts Stopford, (2009). Management The environmental management system shall be intermixed with the company's management system. It will also be mandatory to being audited, as specified by Delmas Young, (2009). Communication It will be the endeavour of the management to establish procedures of communication with the authorities, keeping them informed about the environmental benefits being achieved by the company because of its Environmental Management System, as detailed by Wood, (2002). 2. In the shipping industry, the environmental concerns were more or less concerned with ships, and they were subjected to the environmental regulations so as to prevent marine pollution created either by the ships operations or the cargo. Now, the international legal requirements are enforcing the shipping companies to modernise their traditional outlook towards environmental management, asserts Lavelle, (2013). This means to integrate an Environmental Management System into the Shipping Management System of the company. This is being made mandatory with the introduction of new safety regulations in to the existing frameworks as formulated through MLC 2006. I take up the important provisions, as suggested in IMO, (2000). Fire Protection Effective 1 July 2002, an amendment made in Chapter II-2 of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), 1974 introduced a new set of requirements for fire protection on board all ships. The new regulations are to ensure that first of all fires are prevented from occurring; secondly, any type of fire is rapidly detected; and thirdly, any fire is contained and extinguished quickly. It also requires that ships be so designed so as to ensure quick evacuation routes for passengers and crew are made mandatory, as detailed by Lavelle, (2013). IMO and the Safety of Navigation Navigational Safety has always been high on the IMO agenda and it has been introducing measures for improvement since 1959 through notifications, conventions and recommendations. Three conventions are particularly relevant to the issue of navigation, the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974 (SOLAS); the Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972 (COLREG); and the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watch-keeping for Seafarers, 1978 (STCW), as per IMO, (2000). Safety Aspects-Working Conditions Measures dealing with the safety aspects of working conditions appear under Chapter V. IMO adopted a revised version of chapter V, in December 2000, by updating it and also incorporating new requirements and bringing them into force in 2002. SOLAS also covers safety aspects and working conditions, including life-saving appliances, radio communications and the carriage of cargoes, says Lavelle, (2013). Communication-Life Saving Appliances IMO also issued a series of fresh resolutions and codes, which included guidelines about issues and performance standards for communication and lifesaving appliances on board ships. Some of these are only recommendations, although they have a wide acceptance among the formulators of international policies. Others, which are referred to by certain relevant Regulations drafted at Conventions, have also got the same weight as the Convention Regulations themselves, as detailed by Karahalios, (2015). Documents IMO has been particularly noteworthy in its comments regarding strict compliance of the procedures adopted towards preparation of documents by the issuing authorities such as LRS, ABS and DNV and the shipping companies. Documents should not only give authentic information about the cargo, they should also reflect the procedures and processes followed by the issuer and the receiver on matters concerned with the safety, health and work conditions of the employees working on the ships, asserts CUP, (2010). 3. Regulations presented under the MLC 2006 are designed to cover a lot of issues related to the employees of shipping companies, especially those who are on board for most part of their working life. Now, as per IMO, (2000), managements will be required to monitor the problems linked with work load, hours of work, stress and fatigue of all seafarers. The most important feature of MLC 2006 is that the seafarers working hours must comply with the limits set in the new provisions. Regarding hours of rest, it has now been made the responsibility of the Master to ensure that the seafarers get sufficient and adequate periods of rest, as explained by Branch Robarts, (2014). Regulation 2.1 of MLC 2006 stipulates that the shipping company has the responsibility of ensuring the seafarers get a fair employment agreement. This means the management has to ensure that the terms and conditions of employment for a seafarer are written in a clear and legally enforceable contract. Regulation 2.2 of MLC 2006 defines the shipping companys obligation of ensuring that wages to all seafarers are paid regularly, at least monthly and are paid in full agreement with the specified terms of employment. Another important aspect for the management to comply with, as per Lavelle, (2013) is the entitlement to leave under Regulation 2.5 of MLC 2006 and it should be ensured that seafarers are provided with adequate leave. Agreements without considering the provision of annual paid leave will not be permissible under the new regulations and a justified absence should not be included in the seafarers annual leave. Unless it is specified through a provision of collective bargaining, calculation of annual leave should be made according to the Standard A2.4, which stipulates that the minimum basis is of 2.5 days per calendar month of service put-in, as detailed in IMO, (2000). Regulation 2.6 of MLC 2006 specifies that an indemnity has to be declared by the shipping company for ensuring that seafarers get adequate compensation in case a ship is lost on high seas or has foundered and also in case of injury or unemployment for this reason. Further to this are Regulations 2.7 and 2.8, as per IMO, (2000), which imply that the shipping company must employ sufficient manpower which should be in compliance with requirements mentioned in IMO SOLAS-52 for safety of the manpower employed. For matters related to these provisions, it is mandatory for the shipping company to impart adequate training to the Seafarers, including vocational education and guidance so as to promote the seafarers career and skill development, states Lavelle, (2013). Regulation 4.4 of MLC 2006 stipulates that each Member State is to ensure that all seafarers working on board ships get access to shore-based services and facilities. This implies that the management cannot discriminate in respect of welfare facilities either on the basis of colour, race, sex, nationality, social, culture and political opinions or on the basis of the ships flag. However, the management is allowed to provide the time for shore leave as mentioned in Guideline B4.4.1 of MLC 2006 as per IMO, (2000). These allocations of leave on ports shall be based on the welfare services provided to the seafarers. It will also be taken into consideration the facilities available at different ports and the spare-time activities which are permissible by the Member State, as per Lavelle, (2013). List of References Blackett, A. and Trebilcock, A. (ed.) 2015, Research Handbook on Transnational Labour Law. Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham. Branch, A.E. 2007, Elements of shipping, 8th ed. Taylor Francis, Oxon. Branch, A.E. and Robarts, M. 2014, Branch's Elements of Shipping, 9th ed. Routledge, Oxon. CUP. 2010, Ocean Trade and Shipping. CUP Archive, Cambridge. Delmas, M.A. and Young, O.R. 2009, Governance for the Environment: New Perspectives. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. IMO. 2000, Resolutions and other decisions: Assembly, Twenty First Session, 15-26 November 1999. IMO Publishing, London. Karahalios, H. 2015, The Management of Maritime Regulations. Routledge, Oxon. Lavelle, J. 2013, The Maritime Labour Convention 2006. CRC Press, Oxon. Lun, Y.H.V., Lai, K., Wong, C.W.Y. and Cheng, T.C.E. 2015, Green Shipping Management Shipping and Transport Logistics. Springer, Heidelberg. Stopford, M. 2009, Maritime Economics, 3rd ed. Taylor Francis, Oxon. Wood, D.F. 2002, International logistics, 2nd ed. American Management Association, New York.

Perspectives Essays - Criminology, Sociological Paradigms

Three Sociological Perspectives PAUL COLOMY In this chapter, Colony overviews the three perspectives most often associated with sociology: functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic Interactionism. Each of these three theories has contributed a great deal to our understanding of human behavior and group life. The first two, functionalism and conflict, are considered to be macro theories of society, examining how the social structure operates to determine people's behavior. The last theory, symbolic Interactionism, is a micro theory of society, focusing on social interaction and how people act in face-to-face meetings with one another. Each theory has its strengths and weaknesses as an explanatory scheme, but taken together, you will see the power of sociological reasoning. From this article, can you differentiate the major foundational ideas that the theories represent? Do you have other ideas not represented by these three approaches that account for social behavior? W hen conducting research, sociologists typically draw on one or more perspectives. Sociological perspectives provide very general ways of con?ceptualizing the social world and its basic elements. A perspective consists of a set of fairly abstract assumptions about the nature of human action and the character of social organization. Each perspective can be likened to a spotlight that brightly illuminates select aspects of behavior and social relations while leaving other areas shrouded in darkness. Because a single perspective supplies only a partial or one-sided view, a comprehensive understanding of social life requires becoming familiar with several different perspectives. Sociology contains a large number of distinct perspectives, and they can be divided into two broad categories: micro and macro. In very general terms, micro perspectives are oriented toward small time and small space, while macro per-spectives are oriented toward big time and big space (Collins 1981). That is, micro perspectives are usually concerned with the conduct of individuals and small groups as it unfolds in relatively small spatial contexts and over short durations of time. Macro perspectives, on the other hand, focus on larger entities?not individuals and small groups, but institutions, entire societies, and even the global system?and on how these entities emerge, maintain themselves, and change over decades, centuries, and millennia. The following section outlines one micro perspective (symbolic Interactionism) and two macro perspectives (functionalism and the conflict approach). SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM Symbol interactionism's intellectual roots reside in pragmatism, a philosophical tradition developed by such prominent, early twentieth-century American thinkers as John Dewey, William James, George Herbert Mead, and Charles Peirce. The sociological implications of pragmatism were articulated by several Innovative sociologists, including Robert Park, W. I. Thomas, Herbert Blumer, Everett Hughes, and Erving Goffinan, who taught or studied at the University of Chicago between 1910 and 1960. Because it originated at the University of Chicago, symbolic Interactionism is sometimes referred to as the Chicago School. Symbolic Interactionism is based on five core ideas. First, it assumes that Luman beings act in terms of the meanings they assign to objects in their : Environment. (Integrationists define the term object very broadly to include Material things, events, symbols, actions, and other people and groups.) Using Lightly different terminology to make the same point, integrationists maintain that people's conduct is powerfully influenced by their definition of the situation. this assumption can be clarified by contrasting it to a rudimentary model of acial action advanced by a psychological perspective known as behaviorism. The Behaviorist approach characterizes conduct as a response to objective stimuli, and Suggests that human behavior resembles a series of stimulus-response chains: Stimulus ?> response. Rejecting the notion that individuals respond directly to an objective Stimulus, integrationists insist that people interpret, or assign meanings to, the stimulus: fore they act: Stimulus ?> interpretation ?> response. Athletes' reactions to coaches' criticisms, for instance, depend largely on whether they interpret that criticism as a constructive attempt to improve their play or as a malicious attack on their character. Even when a definition of the situation is demonstrably false, it can still exert a powerful effect on behavior. As W. I. Thomas once said, "A situation defined as real is real in its consequences." Many adults, for example, perceive Halloween as filled with potential danger, and believe that their young children are vulnerable to sadistic strangers dispensing drug-tainted candy or apples laced with razor blades. The belief that such acts of Halloween sadism are widespread is, in fact, an urban legend with virtually no factual basis (Best and Horiuchi 1985). Never- 'less, millions of parents are convinced that

Nazism in Germany Essays

Nazism in Germany Essays Nazism in Germany Essay Nazism in Germany Essay Name: Lecturer: Course: Date: Nazism in Germany The first section of the book The World Must Know by Berebaum highlights on issues of Nazism in Germany and the persecutions of Jews and other respective group by Adolf Hitler in his regimes as German chancellor (Gregor, 34). This journal post is based on my findings from reading the text as well as discussions with my classmate. On 30 January in the year 1933, German’s aged president, Hindenburg, named Adolf Hitler as the chancellor of the country’s government. At this time, chancellor was the highest-ranking position in the state government. The president mandated Hitler with this position with a view that he would manage to steer Germany away from its terrible economical and political crisis. Adolf Hitler spearheaded German workers from National Socialism in the right wing (the Nazi Party). This party was among the most powerful in Germany by the year 1933; although the Nazi managed to gather a mere 33 percent of the popularity votes in the previous election in 1932 . After immediately gaining power, Hitler decided to end democracy in Germany. He did this by persuading his cabinet to call on the constitution’s emergency clauses that licensed the suspension of personal freedom of speech, press and assembly. Special forces of security; the SS, Storm Troopers and the Gestapo moved by arresting or murdering opposition leaders from their respective political parties. The government passed an act on 23 March the same year that handed Hitler with the powers of dictatorship. Hitler, through his Nazi party, began practicing his ideology on racism, believing that Germans were the superior race involved in a struggle with other inferior races. Hitler and his party viewed Jews, Gypsies (Roma) and handicapped individuals as threats to the biological standards of Germans; what they referred to as a master class (Gregor, 42). The principal target of the Nazi ideology was the Jews who primarily constituted a minor share of the entire German population (app roximately 525, 000 about 1 percent of the population in 1933). The party moreover maliciously spread propaganda that unfairly attributed Jews to the country’s World War II defeat as well as economic depression. In the same year, Hitler passed laws that forced Jews working in the civil service to quit their jobs in various fields such as the law court and university positions (Gellately, 13). New laws were proclaimed in Nuremberg in 1933 that regarded citizen Jews as second class. In the course of the period of 1937 to 1939, more rules from the German government segregated Jews even to a greater extent. They could not walk or even reside in certain parts of the cities in Germany, nor could they attend schools, go to vacation resorts, cinemas or theatres. In the course of the same period, Hitler increasingly forced Jews away from the country’s economic life. The Nazi would either force Jews to sell their businesses at throwaway prices or forcefully seize their businesses and property (Gellately, 27). The Nazi party did this through an operation dubbed Kristallnacht. This operation included physical destruction of Jewish stores and synagogues, home vandalizing, unwarranted arrests and m urders. Even though Jewish people were the main target of Hitler’s hatred, he also persecuted other individuals he regarded as inferior genetically. Hitler’s ideology was facilitated by scientists who vouched for selective breeding as a means of improving the German race. He passed laws between the years 1933 and 35 that saw involuntary sterilization programs focused on reducing the inferior genotypes in the future in Germany. Upto 350,000 individuals were subjected to this program by either being sterilized physically or through radiation so they could not bear children. People who supported this measure argued that the handicapped were burdening the country with their costs of care. Another consequence of Hitler’s rule came with unwarranted arrests of people from trade unions, political opponents and others that Hitler’s party regarded as undesirable or enemies to the state (Gellately, 42). Upto 15,000 homosexuals were put in prison in concentration camps hailin g from the newly revised Nazi laws. Mere declaration of a man as a homosexual would amount in arrest, trial and imprisonment (Gellately, 43). An approximate 25, 000 Jehovah’s witnesses who were residing in Germany were condemned and banned by the government because their religious beliefs prevented them from taking any oath of allegiance to the state or serving the military. With their entire literature confiscated, they also lost their jobs, pensions, employment and social welfare benefits. People who witnessed these atrocities were deported to concentration camps, and their children sent to orphanages and detention camps. Thousands of people, majority of which were political activists, were in municipal camps and thousands others in concentration camps. The 1938 waves of arrests included large numbers of Austrian as well as German Roma (Thie?bot, 82). Between the time Hitler took charge and the year 1939, half of the population of German Jews and numerous Austrian Jews fled Germany due to the prosecutions from Nazi. The immigrants mainly pitched camp in United States, Palestine, and other parts of Europe (but many were eventually caught up with due to the war), Latin America and Shanghai. The Jews who remained in Germany were either unwilling to flee or lacked any means of acquiring visas, funds for immigration or sponsors in the countries to host them (Thie?bot, 94). However, the host countries, including Canada, France, Britain and the United States were all unwilling to accept large numbers of immigrants.

The Complete Guide to Ebook Publishing Platforms

The Complete Guide to Ebook Publishing Platforms The Complete Guide to Ebook Distribution At Reedsy, our goal has always been to help authors through every stage of the publishing process, from the actual writing down to the marketing and promotion. However, if there's one thing our marketplace can't do, it's the actual publishing of the book. By that, I mean pressing the button that puts your book up for sale on Amazon - and other retailers.Ebook distribution is a complex, ever-evolving topic. Every year, new retailers open their gates, while existing ones close. To make authors’ lives easier, we’ve compiled everything you need to know about ebook distribution in this guide - which we religiously update every year to make sure that all the information in it is up to date. Everything you need to know about ebook distribution (but never considered asking) Now, there are two ways to read this post. If you want to know everything, go from top to bottom and absorb all the information. If you’re just looking for simple, clear-cut instructions on how to get your books onto the major ebook stores in the best way possible, then head straight to our optimized distribution setup infographic.What you need before you publish: formats, ISBNs moreBefore you can get your book up on different ebook stores, you'll need a couple of things: your properly formatted ebook files and a professional cover design.ISBN for Self-Publishers: The Complete Guide Read post Most e-retailers (e.g. Amazon) don’t require your ebook to have an existing ISBN, and most ebook publishing platforms (e.g. Draft2Digital) will provide one for free anyway. Some platforms like PublishDrive don’t offer a free ISBN, but will instead assign to your book another kind of unique identification number which will be accepted by the different stores they publish to.So, all in all, you don’t need an ISBN for ebook publication. Are there benefits to getting one? Yes: if you purchase your own ISBN and register it to your publishing company, your book will show up on retailers as being published by you (rather than by the publishing platform you used). Top #selfpub tip: If you purchase your own ISBNs, each format of your book needs its own. If you do purchase your own ISBNs, here’s the one rule you need to know: each format of your book needs to have its own ISBN. This means, in theory, that your .mobi on Amazon should have a different ISBN from your EPUB on the other stores. If you publish a print book as well (check out our list of print  book distributors right here), then your paperback and hardback will need different ISBNs as well.In the US, you can purchase ISBNs at Bowker. In the UK, you can purchase them at Nielsen. In Canada, you’re lucky, they’re free, and available through the Canadian ISBN Service System (CISS)! 🠍 A professional cover designOn top of your EPUB or .mobi, the other file you’ll need to upload is your book cover file. It’s important to check each retailer/distributor to see exactly what dimensions they require for covers. For example, Draft2Digital recommends a JPEG with dimensions of 1600 Ãâ€" 2400 pixels (a 1.5 ratio), whereas Amazon currently recom mends dimensions of 2,560 Ãâ€" 1,600 pixels (a 1.6 ratio). Knowing your dimensions ahead of time can save you and your cover designer time and ensure that your entire design appears as you intended.We have written extensively on this blog about the importance of hiring a professional cover artist to design your cover. If you want to find out to work with a world-class designer without breaking the bank, read this.Now that you have all the files you need to publish your ebook, it’s time to make one of the biggest decisions in your author career: are you going to publish exclusively on Amazon, or â€Å"go wide†?Amazon exclusivity vs â€Å"going wide†Surely, if I want to maximize my sales, I should make my ebook available to as many retailers as possible, right? That’s true, but here’s the trick: Amazon will offer you a lot of promotional advantages to entice you to publish your book exclusively on their stores. And depending on your book, genre, and marketing strategy, these benefits can far outweigh the drawbacks of not selling on Apple Books or Kobo. When is KDP Select not your best option for ebook distribution? #selfpub tips The case for Amazon exclusivityWhether you choose to be exclusive or not, your first ebook distribution step will be to upload your book to Amazon through Kindle Direct Publishing. This is when you’ll be presented with an option: enrolling in KDP Select.KDP Select is the name of Amazon’s exclusivity program. In exchange for not listing your book anywhere else (that includes direct sales or giveaways through your website, by the way) for a minimum period of 90 days, you’ll get access to:Kindle Countdown Deals: for a period of 7 days every 90 days, you can discount your book. This â€Å"countdown deal† will be promoted to Amazon customers, and you’ll earn the 70% royalty - even on sales below $2.99.Kindle Free Promotions: for a period of 5 days every 90 days, you can set your book as free on the Kindle store. This free promotion will grant your book quite a bit of visibility on the free store.Kindle Unlimited and Kindle Owners’ Lending Library : KDP Select books are automatically enrolled in Kindle Unlimited (KU) and Kindle Owners’ Lending Library (KOLL), two subscription services that are extremely popular among Amazon customers. KU/KOLL authors are paid a percentage of the KDP Select Global Fund based on the number of pages of their books read by KU/KOLL subscribers every month.On top of these benefits, a KDP Select ebook will also earn you 70% royalty for sales to customers in Japan, India, Brazil and Mexico (35% otherwise).The case for â€Å"going wide†Amazon controls around 80% of the ebook market in the US and UK, but their market share is much lower in other countries. In Canada, for example, Kobo alone controls over 25% of the ebook market. In Germany, Tolino has the same market share as Amazon.Not being exclusive to Amazon - what we call â€Å"going wide† - gives you a chance to reach these other readers. Also, building a meaningful presence on smaller retailers can sometimes be easier than competing on Amazon (even with KDP Select’s perks).For a closer look at the pros and cons of Amazon exclusivity, take a look at this in-depth article. The ebook publishing landscape is an ever-changing one, and can be hard to navigate even for the most seasoned indie authors. We hope this post helped shed some light on the numerous distribution channels and opportunities available to authors, and how to make the most of them. We promise we'll do our best to update both our recommendations and the huge spreadsheet of aggregators and retailers on a regular basis.Acknowledgements: we'd like to give our thanks to Dan Wood at Draft2Digital, Monica Dubà © at PublishDrive and Giacomo D'Angelo at Streetlib for their help on our research. Special thanks as well to indie author Rohan Quine  whose distribution setup inspired us to write this post in the first place, and to Janell Robisch for her feedback.If you have any questions or comments about our recommended setup, or if you just want to have a virtual fireside chat with us about ebook distribution (who doesn't love that topic?!), please drop us a line in the comments below!

Project planning with IT Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Project planning with IT - Assignment Example The ‘what ‘relates to the activities to be carried out in the project while the ‘how’ relates to how these activities are to be done to achieve the intended objectives of the project. In project planning, execution and management, there are factors such as how the team members communicate, how they functions how problems are anticipated and solved among many other factors that are essential in ensuring that a project succeeds. This proposal outlines the scope that would be followed in planning and executing a project that involves planning a website about doing a rock concert. The purpose of the proposed website will be to offer a platform where rock bands, their fans and concert organizers will interact. The website will offer valuable information that are required for any concert organizers, offer valuable informant concerning a particular band to the rock fans ion creating awareness about the band and facilitate an e-ticketing payment mode. No entrance ticketing in these concerts will be accepted once the website is operational and any ticketing will be made though the website. The website will be complete and ready for use by 30th April 2012, one month before the concert starts. The success of the project will be measured on whether participants in these rock concerts will have improved as compared to the number of participants before the web was designed. The stakeholders to be involved in this project will include the web hosting company, the several venues that rock concerts are usually held, which will offer information that relate to organizing such concerns. Lewis (2010, 10) argues that the organization and the project teams have to be considered as people, and they have to integrate to produce the required results. The stakeholders will also involve the theatres and managers that are involved in organizing these concerts and